Outline of Chinese Americans and Mexican Americans Assignment

Diagram of Chinese Americans and Mexican Americans - Assignment Example A second flood of workers came during World War II so as to flexibly development, homestead and household work under the â€Å"Bracero Program†. During the last quarter of the twentieth century there was enormous scope movement both lawful and illicit from Mexico to the US due to Mexico’s serious monetary issues. The principal enormous scope Chinese migration to America was in 1848 when the California Gold Rush persuaded they could discover their fortune and departure financial hardship particularly in Canton region as a result of British strength( Le 2012) They likewise came to Hawaii as provisional laborers in sugar estates, and to mainland US as shippers, cultivators, domestics, clothing laborers, ranchers and beginning in 1865 as railroad laborers. Open Policies In 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ensured Mexican Americans all the privileges of residents of the United States including free pleasure in their freedom and property. Anyway notwithstanding these guar anteed securities they were to a great extent confiscated of their territory by an Anglo run legitimate framework that directed land possessions Kutty 2008) This caused a serious decrease in their financial status into the twentieth century. Notwithstanding this monetary separation, Mexican Americans additionally endured racial and lawful preference with city isolation like the blacks in different territories until the 1950s and 1970s. Indeed, even the US Congress communicated the view that Mexicans were racially sub-par. During the Great Depression, due to government assistance loads the government sought after an arrangement of constrained repatriation of Mexican Americans to Mexico. The open arrangements influencing Chinese Americans were the Naturalization Act of 1870 confining all migration into the US to white people and people of African plummet and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ( thinkquest). The previous demonstration made Chinese ineligible for citizenship until 1943 a nd was the principal huge bar on free movement in America’s history. The last demonstration was to forestall an abundance of modest work Ways Policies Affected Immigration Success Not just were Mexicans denied of their property after the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty, yet needed to pay segregating charges too( Kutty Policy) For instance in California they were dependent upon the Foreign Miners License Tax which was implemented uniquely against the non Europeans. This arrangement was an achievement in its’ implicit objective of compelling 2/3 of the Mexican diggers to get back. Likewise the abundance of Mexican Americans in New Mexico was drained by usury laws at over the top rates when Mexicans attempted to repurchase the land and in Texas savage damage of their business advantages won. Isolation into second rate lodging, instruction, work and community administrations has added to generalizing by white society. The repatriation strategies during the Great Depression constr ained around 1/3 of Mexican Americans to leave the US generally in view of savagery, provocation and reduced chances. The Naturalization Act of 1870 emerged out of disdain against the parsimonious, dedicated, low pursued Chinese Americans

Free Essays on Dracula

Title: Dracula Creator: Bram Stoker Distributer: 1897 by Archibald Constable and Co. Story Jonathan Harker, youthful legal counselor, makes excursion to Transylvania to offer land in England to Count Dracula. In the interim, youthful life partner, Mina, spending summer by the ocean in Whitby, port town in Eng. with companion Lucy Westenra. Lucy becomes sick: blood appears to vanish. Jonathan by one way or another breaks, has mind fever, spared by the sisters of a religious community and weds Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch specialist comes to perceive what is wrong with Lucy. It appears that she is the survivor of a vampire. The hover of Lucyã•s freinds, who attempt to spare her, are past the point of no return in finding that Dracula had gone over the ocean on a vendor vessel, conveying boxes of Transylvanian earth. At the point when she bites the dust, she becomes Un-dead, going after the blood of little offspring of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is completely dead. The gathering of companions: Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina Harker, and Lucyã•s three past admirers, Dr. Seward, proprietor of a psychological clinic nearby to Draculaã•s future home, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a youthful American. They choose to do whatever they can to decimate the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the gathering can't crush him. Discover that cartons of earth are being sent around as spots where Dracula can stop to rest or change structure on the off chance that he so wants. They travel to Translyvania to spare their dear companion Mina and free the universe of Tally Dracula and the entirety of his followers.... Free Essays on Dracula Free Essays on Dracula Title: Dracula Creator: Bram Stoker Distributer: 1897 by Archibald Constable and Co. Story Jonathan Harker, youthful legal counselor, makes outing to Transylvania to offer land in England to Count Dracula. In the mean time, youthful life partner, Mina, spending summer by the ocean in Whitby, port town in Eng. with companion Lucy Westenra. Lucy becomes sick: blood appears to vanish. Jonathan some way or another departures, has mind fever, spared by the sisters of a religious circle and weds Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch specialist comes to perceive what is wrong with Lucy. It appears that she is the casualty of a vampire. The hover of Lucyã•s freinds, who attempt to spare her, are past the point of no return in finding that Dracula had gone over the ocean on a trader vessel, conveying cartons of Transylvanian soil. At the point when she bites the dust, she becomes Un-dead, going after the blood of little offspring of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is completely dead. The gathering of companions: Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina Harker, and Lucyã•s three past admirers, Dr. Seward, proprietor of a psychological emergency clinic nearby to Draculaã•s future bequest, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a youthful American. They choose to do whatever they can to obliterate the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the gathering can't crush him. Discover that cartons of earth are being sent around as spots where Dracula can stop to rest or change structure in the event that he so wants. They travel to Translyvania to spare their dear companion Mina and free the universe of Tally Dracula and the entirety of his followers.... Free Essays on Dracula Be not defeated of wickedness, however conquer insidious with great. †Romans. XII. 21 Evil regularly triumphs, however never wins. †Joseph Roux The two citations from above clarify that malevolent never vanquishes in light of the fact that great consistently defeats it. A genuine case of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker in light of the fact that the writer communicates the idea of good versus detestable. Dracula needs to come to London since he needs to transform everybody into vampires. The fundamental foundation of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a real estate professional who is sent to Transylvania to finish an exchange with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker doesn't know is that Dracula has an arrangement for global control. All things considered, while Harker is on a train to Transylvania he enters â€Å"the east, an area of Europe whose people groups and customs will be generally, peculiar and unfamiliar† (Dracula, 20). Harker show s up at Bistritz just before St. George’s Day, â€Å"a night when fiendish things on the planet have full sway† (Dracula, 21). When Harker first observes this, he is indifferent about these notions. At that point he sees something that is impossible to miss. An elderly person fears the word â€Å"Dracula.† She offers Harker an endowment of rosary to ensure him of shrewdness spirits. After she gives him the rosary, he begins to feel awkward setting off to the Borgo pass on the next day. The Borgo pass is significant in light of the fact that this is where Dracula’s carriage will anticipate Harker. Well on the following day, a horde of workers assemble around the carriage muttering etymologist words that appear to have a connect to the word vampire. At that point the â€Å"whole swarm makes the indication of the cross and point two fingers at Harker† (Dracula, 30), to wish him a protected excursion. At the point when the carriage runs by the nation l aborers, they chime and cross themselves. Until this point Jonathan Harker doesn't have a clue about the â€Å"Dracula entices Harker into his mansion and into a shocking experience with the supernatural† (Lidston ... Free Essays on Dracula Title: Dracula Creator: Bram Stoker Distributer: 1897 by Archibald Constable and Co. Story Jonathan Harker,a youthful legal advisor makes an outing to Transylvania to offer land in England to Count Dracula. Then, youthful life partner, Mina, spending the late spring by the ocean in Whitby, port town in England with her companion Lucy Westenra. Lucy becomes sick: blood appears to vanish. Jonathan by one way or another departures, has cerebrum fever, spared by the sisters of a religious circle and weds Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch specialist comes to perceive what is wrong with Lucy. It appears that she is the survivor of a vampire. The hover of Lucyã•s freinds, who attempt to spare her, are past the point of no return in finding that Dracula had run over the ocean on a vendor vessel,delivering containers of Transylvanian earth. At the point when she kicks the bucket, she becomes Un-dead, going after the blood of little offspring of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is completely dead. The gathering of companions: Van Helsing,Jonathan and Mina Harker, and Lucyã•s three past admirers, Dr. Seward, proprietor of a psychological emergency clinic nearby to Draculaã•s future bequest, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a youthful American. They choose to do whatever they can to obliterate the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the gathering can't vanquish him. Discover that boxes of earth are being sent around as spots where Dracula can stop to rest or change structure in the event that he so wants. They travel to Translyvania to spare their dear companion Mina and free the universe of Count Dracula and the entirety of his supporters. Book versus Film - Excellent Book. Film (1993) great adjustment, moderately comparable, in any case, a couple of issues: - depiction of Women. Book has tough ladies (difference to Wuthering Heights) however film debilitates them. Book: Mina makes treasury of information. Film: Mina goes behind Jonathan's back with sovereign, Lucy is presented as a free young lady, however book has her modest. - I preferred movieã•s Holmwood: ...

Should School Start Later, Free Essay Sample

Should Schools Start Later Everyone loves sleep. Waking up early is a hard made choice for many and it is usually made to help overcome certain challenges or attain something extra in the additional morning hours you get when you wake up early. With adults, waking up early is a norm for many. Making the ends meet and great success has been deeply linked to less sleep and more work. This translate to individuals waking up early after sleeping for as less as three hours. According to Adolescent Sleep Working Group (2014) great people and very successful business moguls have been advocating that sleeping late and waking up early is the secret recipe for success. â€Å"The early bird catches the worm†, they say. Many research has been conducted to scientifically analyze the situation and bring forth a scientifically conclusive argument. The research concluded that early rising has some positive influence on a person’s performance and productivity. The research shows that both concentration and performance reduces as time of the day progresses due to tissues and mind fatigue. On teenagers however, a different scenario and trend is observed. One that is very alarming and needs immediate attention from the relevant stakeholders. Dragging teenagers and children from their bed every morning and thrusting them into schools is not doing them any good. For teenager, waking up early and being forced to the very demanding and busy schools’ schedules is more than just the discomfort that is explicitly caused by that (Boergers, Gable, Owens, 2014). Severe biological effects caused by lack of sleep for the teenagers have been recorded as being on the rise. These biological reasons and other conditions are clear indicators that there is a need for school to start later. Age of the children when they start going to school should also be looked at very keenly because many under-age kids are being forced into school which can cause serious biological disorders and make their development to be interfered with (Boergers, Gable, Owens, 2014). The age of the children to go to school should be scientifically be determined so that the children biological development would not be affected by the unforgiving school schedules. Schools should thus start later; both in the time of day and age of the child. Some of the issued raised by those who support the early school programs is that their parents schedule is tight. Public servants for instance only get a six months’ maternity leave from work. This time is considerably very small to raise a child to the age of attending school. Most of them opts to hire a house help who will help in taking care of the child while the parents are working. For many middle class economically citizens, hiring a house help is a burden on their shoulder and means they should even dig deeper in their pockets. Some of the house helps are unqualified to handle the child and the child may even develop serious health conditions. This is caused by low level of education that the house help often has (Marx, Tanner†Smith, Davison, Ufholz, Freeman, Shankar, Hendrikx, 2017). Due to these reasons many parents will with the slightest chance bring the house help services to and. The other closest stage for the parent to push the child into is education stage. Research shows that 35% of the total number of children who gets enrolled in an average school are children who are below the age of 3 years. This is a very alarming trend because the child has not developed fully coursing them into schools will cause serious biological development issues. Some of the parents even take their kids to kindergarten with as little as 18 months. This happens despite the legal age that a child must be educated is six years. The busy schedules of the parents should not be an excuse to take premature children to school in the name of busy schedules and commitments. Baby care are readily available and parents can leave their children in the baby cares facilities when they go for work.   Here the health and welfare of the children is guaranteed and security is ample. Teenagers need at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep. Research shows that 50 – 80% of the students in schools are suffering from disorders that are caused by lack of sleep which has been linked to enormous harms to the health of the child and their cognitive development. Students who suffer from sleep deprivation have difficult in concentration in class (Paksarian, Rudolph, He, Merikangas, 2015). This is because the sleep deprivation disorders interfere with the mind development of the child. The teenagers are thus supposed to have enough sleep before going to school and one sure way of doing this is to start schools late in the day. 10am for instance have been quoted to be a convenient time to start school. This time has been proved to be effective and should pose no health problem to the children and their cognitive ability is at optimum (Paksarian, Rudolph, He, Merikangas, 2015). Lack of sleep causes overload of sleep which highly and adversely affect the concentration of the teenager later in the day. Most of the school in the world start at 7- 8am on average and end at 4- 5pm in the evening. Due to the high competition in the field of academic among the teenagers in schools many students are forced to an extra mile to achieve the preset measure of standard of academic success. Homework and assignments are the other cause of lack of sleep in students and teenagers. This is the work that follow the teenagers are given in schools to go and do at home and expected to hand in the work the work by the next morning when they report to school. This causes the students to overwork and not to sleep for enough hours while trying to fit in the school schedules (Skeldon, Phillips, Dijk, 2017). The relevant authorities that are mandated with making sure of the student’s welfare should ensure and direct that the work of school should end with the mandatory school teaching work to prevent the teenagers from overworking. Teenagers should get enough sleep so that their body and mind development is not interfered with the effects that are associated with sleep overload. One sure way to do this is to start school later in the day while the children have had enough sleep that they need and vital for their development. All the schools should adopt starting their school’s activity at 10 am which is the scientifically accepted time to school. The age of the children while they start school at the kindergarten is another very important issue that need to be addressed. The children should be taken to school while fully grown and cognitive ability developed to stable levels which is safe for learning and won’t affect their health. References Adolescent Sleep Working Group. (2014). School start times for adolescents.  Pediatrics,  134(3), 642-649. Boergers, J., Gable, C. J., Owens, J. A. (2014). Later school start time is associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents.  Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,  35(1), 11-17. Marx, R., Tanner†Smith, E. E., Davison, C. M., Ufholz, L. A., Freeman, J., Shankar, R., Hendrikx, S. (2017). Later school start times for supporting the education, health, and well†being of high school students.  The Cochrane Library. Paksarian, D., Rudolph, K. E., He, J. P., Merikangas, K. R. (2015). School start time and adolescent sleep patterns: results from the US national comorbidity survey—adolescent supplement.  American journal of public health,  105(7), 1351-1357. Skeldon, A. C., Phillips, A. J. K., Dijk, D. J. (2017). Living in an urban lighting environment: should we move school start times?.  Sleep Medicine,  40, e309.

Behavioral Problems From Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

behavioral problems (Doweiko, 2012). Additionally, infants who were exposed to alcohol in utero have an increased risk of dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) particularly if the mother binge drinks during the first trimester (CDC, 2016). Effects on the Family Women who abuse alcohol are not only hurting themselves and their unborn babies. Existing children can be effected by a mother who drinks too much as well. They may be neglected and forced to care for themselves and possibly younger siblings resulting in lost childhood. Chaotic and inconsistent home life may result in needing control and perfectionist tendencies. Children who grew up with an alcohol abusing parent are at a greater risk of developing an AUD themselves. They are also more likely to suffer from depression and/or anxiety, have difficulty in relationships, marry a substance user, academic problems, and other behavioral problems (AAMFT, 2015). Not only do the children suffer, but partners of alcoholic women suffer as well. When both partners in a relationship are heavy drinkers the rate of divorce is about the same as when both partners are non-drinkers. However, when one person in the relationship is a heavy drinker the rate of divorce increases si gnificantly. Some studies indicate that the rate is even higher when the heavy drinker in the relationship is the woman. However, more research is needed on that topic (Caba, 2013). Drunk Driving Women’s health and the effects of alcohol abuse onShow MoreRelated Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or crib death is an abrupt and inexplicable death of an apparently healthy infant. Most of the cases involve infants from ages 1-12 months, and the event occurs during the night. Various theories have been postulated from research results but without consistency of the etiology. 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An Individual s Own Family Or Close Circle Of Friends

Failing to find support within an individual’s own family or close circle of friends can be more defeating for a Brony than taking harassment from random strangers out in public. The home is where people feel the most comfortable and safe and where a person can be at ease and conduct themselves in whatever manner they please. Yet for some fans, this is impossibility for a number of reasons. There is the possibility that they are still living with their parents or have roommates and privacy is limited. As a result of these living situations, some fans must contend with the possibility of dealing with the same arguments with family and friends in their private life as they would out in public which a number of fans share in the survey. As we have seen in many instances in this project, â€Å"Gender conceptions and role behavior are the products of a broad network of social influences operating both familally and in the many societal systems encountered in everyday life. Peers and family may or may not be conscious of their gender regulatory practices, but they are in some form shape our own concepts of gender. One fan recalls an incident where a friend of his told him to keep silent about liking My Little Pony prior to social function with some other friends. â€Å"My friend instructed me not to mention My Little Pony to any of his friends at a party since he felt it would be awkward.† The significance of this preemptive action is telling about how some individuals monitor theirShow MoreRelatedThe New World Of Networked Individualism Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesin which the idea of communications has changed between people as seeking these connections have expanded outside of immediate families and friends to larger extended groups from many different places not just from different cities or countries but across the globe. 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Business Profile of NAPA Center for House Leadership Approach

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Profile of NAPA Center for House Leadership Approach. Answer: The Neurological and Physical Abilitation Center, abbreviated as NAPA, is responsible for offering safe, natural and effective treatment to the children. Founded in the 2008, the center now offers a huge range of therapies, modalities and techniques across the world. They offer intensive programs of therapy, with a wide variety of developmental and neurological needs to the children. They provide the children and their families with services in the playful environment which helps in maximizing their developmental potential (Napacenter.org. 2017). Houses Leadership Approach Houses leadership theory thinks that it is important to clarify the paths by solving the problems and removal of roadblocks, in order to achieve the organizational goals. It focuses on supportive leadership, by nurturing and increasing the number of rewards for the attainment of any goal, with a touch of humanity in it. It promotes undertaking of challenges and excelling in the path. It promotes involvement of the followers and also keeps a check on their satisfaction. Moreover, this theory focuses on the followers achievements and offers them with valuable experiences (Coffey et al., 2012). The leaders of NAPA organization have helped in its successful management and progress. They have enabled self confidence and creativity among the employees (Blocki et al., 2015). Their cognitive ability and business knowledge have helped the organization attain huge success. Constant motivation provided to the employees has helped them to work better and prosper every day. Their honesty and integrity have helped them gain much appreciation from the employees. The desire of leading the organization, concern for people and better knowledge of business have helped them create an emotional leader-employee bond (Coffey et al., 2012). A companys Human Resource Management policies are designed by the department of HR, in order to maximize the performance of the employees in accordance with the organizations strategic objectives. Its primary objectives are managing the people of the organizations, by focusing on its policies and systems (Napacenter.org. 2017). It is responsible for designing the employee benefits, recruitment, development, training, rewarding and performance appraisals. NAPAs environment of working is very encouraging and motivating, which has helped the organization in being one of the best centers at Singapore. Different sorts of therapies are being provided across the world (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The employees at times face several challenges while dealing with the patients. With constant motivation from the leaders and good working condition, they are able to overcome those challenges. They are often provided with the freedom to treat the patients as per their convenience. The employees also communicate with their leaders which help them gain useful insights (Skovholt Jennings, 2017). They trust their leaders and management group, which helps in the success and growth of the organization. Moreover, they are provided with several working benefits and incentives which persuade them to work properly. The leaders encourage the employees to voice their opinion and share their views without the fear of being punished or scold (O'Sullivan, Schmitz Fulk, 2013). Types of Management Strategies required Organizations must have certain management skills and strategies in order to flourish. These skills include the technical, conceptual, human and motivational skills. The most common mistakes done by the managers are being insensible and insensitive to their employees; being cold, overly ambitious and arrogant; breaking the employees trust and many more. These mistakes mar the companys progress and growth (O'Sullivan, Schmitz Fulk, 2013). Therefore, the company needs to adopt several strategies to give their best to the customers as well as the employees. The managerial strategies NAPA Center requires are: The employees are to be given full details about the organizational policies and procedures, which helps in the development of varied ideas and solutions. The company at times should organize training sessions and useful events, which motivates the employees to share their views and opinions (Goetsch Davis, 2014). This also benefits in the development of team spirit and effectiveness. They must be given the opportunity to decorate the centers as per their choice. This gives them a homely and positive environment, which in turn encourages them to carry out their duties properly and more effectively (Skovholt Jennings, 2017). Delivering innovative and modern therapy services to the children who require a variety of developmental and neurological needs. The therapies and services should be offered in a playful environment which enables the clients to maximize developmental potential. Their vision will be to sustain and promote inventive practices through interdisciplinary teamwork and education. They must provide exceptional experiences of learning and stay connected with academic community. It helps the employees to develop their leadership skills and encourages diversity. It also educates the employees regarding their vast range of workplace policies, community programs and processes, needs and other issues. The organization specializes in the enhancement of motor skills of the children, which helps in keeping the body balance (org. 2017). To conclude, the NAPA center offers expert and specialized services for the treatment of children as well as adults having complex disorders, which include, Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, Autism, brain injuries, delay in development, genetic conditions and more. Therapists look after each and every patient with a positive attitude, which makes them feel better. Their comprehensive treatment includes the addressing of physical, psychological and emotional components of every patient. Their working team focuses on each patients movement patters, flexibility, balance, strength, functional ability and tone. Therapists work as a single team with specialists, physicians as well as the family members in order to adapt each and every treatment, while the patient progresses towards reaching the goals. References Blocki, A., Wang, Y., Koch, M., Goralczyk, A., Beyer, S., Agarwal, N., ... Schwarz, H. (2015). Sourcing of an alternative pericyte-like cell type from peripheral blood in clinically relevant numbers for therapeutic angiogenic applications.Molecular Therapy,23(3), 510-522. Coffey, L., OKeeffe, F., Gallagher, P., Desmond, D., Lombard-Vance, R. (2012). Cognitive functioning in persons with lower limb amputations: a review.Disability and rehabilitation,34(23), 1950-1964. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Napacenter.org. (2017).Singapore | NAPA Center.NAPA Center. Retrieved 20 September 2017, from https://www.napacenter.org/singapore/ O'Sullivan, S. B., Schmitz, T. J., Fulk, G. (2013).Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis. Skovholt, T., Jennings, L. (2017).Master therapists: Exploring expertise in therapy and counseling. Oxford University Press.

The Crucible Critical evaluation By Gordon Walker Essay Example

The Crucible Critical evaluation By Gordon Walker Paper In the play the crucible by Arthur Millar, the main character John proctor is faced by a number of important decisions that come to a dramatic climax upon which John has to decide wither to keep his name, integrity and honour or keep his life. John was found in this uncompromising situation during the puritan time of 1692, in a small village situated in the state of Massachusetts called Salem. During this time the settlers of Salem were devoted Christians and had a deep believe in the existence of witches, and in believing their alliance with Satan saw them as a work of pure evil, and as a direct enemy of god and subsequently themselves. During a time where accusations of witchcraft are frequent, and taken with increasing belief, a difficult situation arises for johns strong rebellious, and somewhat unusual character. Arthur Millar himself describes him as a man in his prime. with a quiet confidence and an unexpressed, hidden force; John Proctor is a different character from the norm in his village, a fact even emphasized by the mere fact he lives five miles out for the village in a neighboring farm. This link in his physical difference from the town can be directly linked to his emotional difference with its citizens. Unlike his fellow Salems john is a man of principles, who doesnt blindly follow authority, and who fights for what he believes is right and true no matter whom he is challenging. Once such conflict to show this element of his character can be seen in his discontent with the town reverend Parris. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Critical evaluation By Gordon Walker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Critical evaluation By Gordon Walker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Critical evaluation By Gordon Walker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer John feels that Parris is not a suitable minister, in a time where people where expected to simply follow orders he defies and clearly admits it ake it to heart, Mr. Parris. There are many who stay away from church these days because you hardly mention God anymore, and when told of an opposing faction to rev. Parris he says why then I must find it and join it then continuing to back up his statement with I mean it solemnly I like not the smell of his authority showing his sheer lack of intimidation by authority. Johns bravery, and reluctance to simply follow the majority is also shown in his skeptical view of the initial cry of witchcraft. John responds by implying that the talk of witchcraft is ridiculous, which can be seen when he first speaks to Rev. Hale Ive heard you are a sensible man, Mr. Hale. I hope youll leave some of it in Salem. John Proctor makes a number of decisions throughout the play all a different fork in the road that leads to his final destiny, all leading to his final culminating decision. The first Major decision that John makes is when Elizabeth is taken to court, and John decides to take Mary and go to the court to expose Abigails lie youre coming to the court with me, Mary. You will tell it in court. This is a significant decision as John knows fine well that his challenging of the court could very well expose his own impurities i. e. his affair with Abigail Williams, or could condemn himself, but fuelled by love and a tremendous sense of integrity and bravery he continues down this path. Next John is faced with the decision of wither to simply accept the offer of his wifes freedom (for a year) or to battle on to save her and his friends indefinitely. Upon being asked if he would accept these terms he stated I-I think I cannot then these are my friends. Their wives are also accused so consequently John refuses the easy option of backing down and coming to a compromise. Instead he bravely wishes to fight on against the odds for the greater good and free all the innocent people from false accusation and give them the freedom they truly deserve. Once again Proctor is fully aware of the implementations that this could have bravely battling at the risk of being found out. The next decision that John Proctor makes is one of great significance, and one that involves great pain and embarrassment for him. In the difficult situation of having Abigail wining over the court John proctor is forced to prove that Abigail isnt the saint she proclaims to be, after previous evidence failing and in a desperate situation John is forced to bring up his affair with Abigail, as this will disclose the true nature of Abigails character and show her to be a fraud. He confesses, I have know her, sir I have know her. in this theatrical public confession John puts his own name on the line, his name that is of such significance to this man of his principles. He makes this decision purely for the good of others and to stop the wickedness of Abigail. Unfortunately for John once again Abigail fools the court and all his efforts seem to be in vain. In a fit of anger, and frustration he makes a fateful decision, he decides to speak straight from his blackened heart, one dirty by everyones naive belief in such lies. He screams I say- I say- God is dead! this outburst seals his fate which is even tighter sealed when he says we will burn, we will burn together! and sums up the proceeding by saying You are pulling down heaven and raising up a whore! John throughout the book fights a terrible battle with the court, and believers of Abigail, but probably the greatest battle John Proctor has to deal with is his own personal conflict with his conscious. When presented with the opportunity to live (if he would only betray his principles), John has to consider his own life, and his principles and decide which matters the most to him. Her fights a tremendous struggle changing his mind several times to find an outcome true to him. After intense deliberation with his wife, Elizabeth tells John Do what you will. But let none be your judge so then Proctor decides, I want my life. This first decision shows that his wife and will to live are very strong within him, and wins this first battle that is Johns war inside his conscious. John is angered by the courts constant antagonistic requests, and at first offering refuses to signing himself to his confession. John proclaims You have all witnessed it- it is enough. Continuing hat more is needed? . Eventually John signs himself to the document when all the while the true feeling in his heart grows stronger, fuelled by rage. Proctor is hounded more as Danforth asks for the paper john refuses No, no, I have signed it. You have seen me. It is done! . The confused court ask Proctor why he may confess but not sign his name, then proctor speaks straight from the soul with all his true feelings Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of those who hang! How may I live without my name? Now proctor has made his final decision and come to the end of his path, his various decisions throughout the play all culminate to his death. Proctors principles and honour have won at the sacrifice of his life, but the true pure Christian light of his soul has shone through in the end and John Proctor has died a content and honorable man. The title is significant due to the similarities of an actual crucible to the heated situation of Salem. In this crucible that John found himself in all the impurities of the town of Salem, and all those deep inside him have all been incinerated, and the truly good and pure people (including john) have emerged. John has emerged pure, good and enlightened. Johns final decision (not understood by most) is wonderfully summed up by his wifes brave realization He has his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! Proctor no longer is tormented by the impurities of his soul or of lies, he is free now, he is at ease, and he is with God. He died a true Christian man, the way he always wanted.

Los Alamos Fires

Los Alamos Fires Executive SummaryThis report is about the Los Alamos prescribed forest fires. May 4, 2000 the Bandilier National monument superintendent ordered a prescribed fire. This particular fire got out of hand and ended up burning the town of Los Alamos. In this report I tell about who ordered the fire, and what exactly was lost because of the fire. There are also a few paragraphs on alternative methods to prescribed burns; which are timber harvesting and mechanical thinning.Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . .pg 1Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 2Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 2Why it was Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Controlled burning 1. pg 2Who's to Blame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 3Where it Spread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pg 3What was Destroyed. . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 3Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pg 4IntroductionA prescribed fire also called a prescribed burn is a method of getting rid of unwanted brush in forestlands. Pres cribed fires have been used for many years. They have some significant value, such as the brush enriches the ground after being burned. On the other hand sometimes a prescribed burn can get out of control and burn other things that were not supposed to be burned.ProblemOn May 4, 2000 Roy Weaver,

Airline Management (Analysis of the ‘four pillars’)

This should be included into a broader package of measures including new aircraft technology, more efficient operations and better use of infrastructure, (ICAO, 2013) [Online]. The industry determined that a carbon-offsetting policy would be the best method, giving carriers the opportunity to tailor their response to their business development; in effect, ensuring that carriers feel the plan still allows for expansion to meet rising demand, (IATA, 2013) [Online]. The meeting concluded with the following, (ATAG, 2013) [Online]: Agree a roadmap for development of a single global MBM for aviation to be implemented from 2020 that can be adopted at ICAO’s next Assembly in 2016. Agree the principles for development of a global MBM, including: o The goal of carbon-neutral growth from 2020; o That aviation emissions should only be accounted for once; o That a global MBM should take account of different types of operator activity. This report will evaluate the progress made on ONE of the four pillars to reduce emissions from the aviation sector; whilst also paying attention to the barriers that carriers face in achieving these targets. The first section will provide a brief introduction to the four pillars as well as reasoning behind the choice in evaluation. A discussion will then follow answering the requirements of the report, before a conclusion summarises the findings. FOUR PILLARS The four pillars cover the entire scope of feasible methods to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. The pillars are technological process, improved infrastructure, operational measures and economic measures. Table 1 below provides a summary: This report has chosen to focus on the development of operational measures; the decision was driven by an interest in the development of fuel efficiency, business optimisation and carrier integration in a bid to reduce emissions from an industry that has always been labelled a major global polluter. With demand for air travel booming on the back of global urbanisation and emerging economies, more attention is being paid to carbon emissions from air travel. According to data from the Air Transport Action Group [ATAG] (2014), global emissions from air travel total 689mt, against a total of 34Billion tonnes of CO2 produced annually from human activity. With these figures, CO2 emissions from air-travel total 2% of annual emissions; in terms of transport, aviation is responsible for 12% of total emissions, compared with 74% from road transport. OPERATIONAL MEASURES As mentioned above, there are a number of factors, which with improvement can lead to a reduction in emissions. This section will concentrate on fuel efficiency, which will touch upon optimal aircraft use, new aircraft design and route optimisation. Also mentioned with be business optimisation, paying attention to carrier ‘load factor’, optimisation on ground-operations and also integration between carriers, which has included MA activity and also the introduction of alliances in the industry. The discussion will touch upon carrier cost reduction, which has become a major supporter of reduction on CO2 emissions given its link to fuel usage and so exposure to high oil prices. FUEL EFFICIENCY In terms of achievements so far, the issue of fuel efficiency has supported in recent years by the economic downturn and high oil prices. Carriers have look to reduce their fuel bills to stay profitable, focusing on a number of methods which also support fuel efficiency. To start, carriers have invested heavily in new aircraft after developments from both Boeing and Airbus support greater fuel efficiency. Airbus experienced its biggest year in 2011, receiving net orders for 1,419 new aircraft, buoyed by the launch of its A320neo, (Morrow, 2013) [Online], with similar success from Boeing, (BBC Business, 2014) [Online]. USA EXAMPLE Figure 1 shows that out of U.S. carriers Alaska Airlines came out as the most fuel efficient airline; what is most surprising is that the company has increased its business and routes by 33% 2000-2010, however has reported no increase in fuel use/emissions as investing in new planes has improved fuel efficiency greatly. The report also found that the fuel-efficiency gap between the best/worst airlines was 26%, (ICCT, 2013); the report also found that about one-third of the variation in efficiency likely comes from the deployment of different technology; for example Allegiant operates a fleet of McDonnell Douglas aircraft that date back to the 1970’s, while Alaska Airlines uses new Boeing planes that have technologies like ‘winglets’ to reduce fuel burn. These finding bode well for Boeing and Airbus as they continue to offer newer models. Recent additions such as Boeings 777X, a more fuel efficient version of the 777 Jumbo and Airbus’s A320 family have been well received; according to Boeing (2013) [Online], customers for the 777X include Gulf carriers along with Cathay Pacific and Lufthansa, with record breaking orders of 259, while Airbus (2013) [Online] confirmed its backlog of orders for the A320’s at over 10,000. These new planes will reduce both emissions and n oise pollution, allowing for negative externalities to be controlled as expansion continues. BUSINESS OPTIMIZATION Carriers have adopted a number of methods to optimise their operations. One factor has been the adoption of alliances between carriers, allowing for them to effectively ‘share’ their capacity. This has reduced the need for such aggressive expansion by some, which would have created too much competition on some routes. Furthermore, airlines have invested in newer aircraft to meet the needs of routes, such as smaller aircraft for new, short-haul routes and larger aircraft, such as the Airbus A380 for busier, long-haul routes. Emirates currently have orders for 90 A380’s as the carrier looks to expand capacity on a number of routes, (Wall, 2013) [Online]. FUTURE PROJECTS FOCUS (VIRGIN ATLANTIC) As more attention is paid by governments and consumers onto CO2 emissions and other negative externalities, company’s such as Virgin Atlantic (2013) have put more into reporting their impact on the environment from sustainability reports; in some continues such as the UK, reporting into emissions and environmental impact are becoming mandatory for listed companies, (UK Government, 2013), which will only increase the amount of information that the aviation sector will make public, (Sustainable Aviation, 2014) [Online]. According to Virgin Atlantic (2013), through its Sustainability Report 2013, the company focuses on a number of programs to improve sustainability. These include: Reducing CO2 emissions by 30% between 2007 and 2020. Improving the fleet of aircraft – currently Virgin Atlantic are taking delivery of 10 Airbus 330-300, which will replace the older Airbus 340-600 and be 30% more fuel efficient. Implementing technology to monitor aircraft fuel-use and routes to identify further carbon savings. PESTEL ANALYSIS This section will touch upon PESTEL analysis to look into the future possibilities to meet operational measure targets. In terms of driving-forces, a number of carriers will look to improve operational performance in a bid to lower costs and remain profitable as low-cost carrier reduce market prices and higher oil prices affect carrier margins. However, it has been noted that each carrier will take a differing approach, designed to also meet the requirements of current expansion plans. For example, take British Airways (BA); currently the carrier is involved in its ‘One Destination’ initiative, with a number of schemes underway to make the carrier carbon neutral from 2020, (Brittlebank, 2012) [Online]. According to British Airways (2013) the international community’s aim is to cut net CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050 (relative to 2005 levels). Figure 2 below provides a graphic to the proposal, identifying some of the key factors which will support the reduction. As mentioned prior, one of main drivers will be the continued improvement and market adoption of new aircraft. For example, British Airways (2013) estimates that the new Airbus A380 will have a 16% improvement in fuel efficiency compared to the aircraft it will replace, mainly down to the capacity of the aircraft, which can be used on longer routes, such as Hong Kong and Los Angeles. Improvements such as these will continue to drive down CO2 emissions per passenger kilometres, a metric widely used in the airline industry to measure efficiency. In 2012, BA aircraft emitted 101.9g/CO2 per passenger kilometre, while Emirates emitted 100.6 (Emirates, 2013), Lufthansa 109.3 and EasyJet 95.6 (EasyJet, 2013) [Online]. One factor that each airline has in common is major deliveries of new aircraft. While new aircraft will continue to benefit both the environment and also the airline in terms of lower fuel bills, headwinds will appear in the long-term. While the current spate of aircraft order s has been supported by growth opportunities and profitability in the industry, long-term risks to demand could dampen the need and justification to purchase new aircraft. Furthermore, it has also been noticed that the recent rise in airline purchases has been fuelled by expansion projects from carriers in the Middle East and Asia, while European airlines seen less reluctant to purchase than previously as profitability has waned. Given this, the risk is that in the long-term, order may decline, which would impact on carriers ability to further reduce emissions. For example, British Airways (2013) are targeting efficiency of 83g/CO2 per passenger kilometre by 2025, which will require the support of capital expenditure. Given the current reduction in the carriers profitability over the year, continued weakness may make current expenditure plans un-obtainable. Figure 2 also highlights the potential for low-carbon fuels to support the four pillars. Both BA and Cathay Pacific (2013) among other have highlighted development into biofuels as a future growth area. The process involves inputting commercial/ residential organic waste into a boiler, where extremely high pressure plasma breaks down the waste into gases. These gases are then cooled and cleaned, before the Fischer-Tropsch process re-forms the gas into low-carbon jet fuel, (British Airways, 2013). BA is currently involved in a UK-based project with Solena Fuels Corporation to construct a waste-to-fuel plant, which at its peak will convert 500,000 tonnes of water into 50,000 tonnes of jet fuel each year, (British Airways, 2013). Cathay Pacific (2013) also remained optimistic on biofuels, implementing a number of projects itself. While development will be buoyed by social/ political acceptance of biofuels in the future and the green-credentials it provides, there are also factors, such as the costs involved and its competitiveness with current kerosene supplies. Another driver to mention will be the potential for demand. Figure 2 highlights that in the long-term, BA see a reduction in demand as one support for lower emissions; however this may not be the same for carriers such as Emirates, or others in Asia, Africa. Emirates recently reported a 4.5% in aircraft movements given new routes and higher demand, (Emirates, 2013). Given this, the need for a streamline of global initiatives is needed as emerging airlines increase slights to meet increased demand. Another driver identified is the purchase of emission reductions, or ‘carbon offsets’, with the money invested into initiatives to reduce emissions in other areas, which could be seen to offset the emissions from carrier operations. For example, Cathay Pacific (2013) has used money raised to invest in hydropower/ wind power projects in China. These programmes are now run by over 35 airlines, however require voluntary donations from passengers, IATA (2014) [Online]. The main risk is that the projects rely on the social responsibility of customers; an over reliance on these programmes to reduce emissions could back-fire if customers do not share the view; PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2013) suggests that carriers may need to purchase an extra ˆ1.1Billion of carbon offsets annually by 2030 to reach targets. PriceWaterhouseCoopers, hereafter PWC, (2013) backs up the above in its latest report. After mentioning the halving on aviation emissions by 2050, PWC shows its scepticism, saying that reaching the target will not be easy and would require improvements in carbon intensity of 5.1% every year. Ultimately, advances in fuel efficiency would need to be accelerated along with adoption of biofuels. To add, the report mentioned that a global consensus on sustainable aviation was needed before acceleration in improvements can be seen. The fear is that any improvement from airlines operating in advanced economies could be offset on a global scale by less-efficient emerging airlines from China and India etc., who may not have the financial means to invest heavily in the newest aircraft. GROUND OPERATIONS As mentioned in the Four Pillars, efficiency in ground operations will also support a reduction in emissions. Easyjet (2013) [Online] mentioned that they avoid ‘congested hubs’, such as Heathrow and Frankfurt, to help reduce taxiing and holding patterns, which will use less fuel and so emit less carbon. Furthermore, low-cost airlines have also been known for quick turnaround, allowing for greater efficiency from their current fleet, (Barrett, 2009). SUMMARY The report chose to focus on operational management as a tool to reduce emissions, focusing on fuel efficiency, new aircraft, and route optimisation. The report found that fuel efficiency, driven by new aircraft models has become a high priority; while the decision will have been impacted by a move to reduce emissions, there is also the thought that the trend of high-oil prices, coupled with lower earnings over the economic crisis would have pushed a number of carriers to seek cost-reductions and efficiency drives. Given this, past improvements in efficiency have been strong; however, strong growth in demand from emerging economies has led to a marketable rise in flights, pushing overall emissions higher. For example, Emirates, seen as one of the fastest growing carriers could be used as a barometer. While the carrier has reported improvements in fuel efficiency, due to new aircraft and routes, the carrier reported a 15.9% increase in overall CO2 emissions to 22.4Million tonnes, (Emirates, 2013). Looking ahead into the future, the report has highlighted a number of factors for improvement; being higher adoption of new aircraft, increased adoption of biofuels and purchase of emission reductions. Carriers will continue to place attention on new aircraft/ biofuels as focus remain firmly on cost-reductions; however, the level of long-term success will depend upon profitability, which will impact directly on future capital expenditure plans. To add, not all carriers may share the same plans as emerging carriers may focus on growth and profitability over the environment. To combat this, PWC (2013) identified that a global consensus is needed; currently regulation in the USA/ Europe is much higher than seen in Asia/ Middle East/ Africa, creating unfavourable discrepancy to airlines, such as BA. Carbon offsetting was also identified as a major growth initiative, however as mentioned this currently relies on customer donations; as so both social and political attention on the effects of emissions need to be heightened to encourage offsetting by the public. Operational measures provide great opportunities to further reduce emissions; however, carriers need to ensure they have the funds available for capital expenditure, and the public support/ donations to move ahead with carbon offsetting plans. Finally, it is important to mention that while fuel efficiency will continue to improve, strong increases in demand may lead to overall emissions increases as flight numbers/routes are increased by emerging airlines. This has been seen with data from Emirates; under these circumstances carriers would need to accelerate all initiatives in a bid to meet targets that would seem ambitious. All four pillars will need a global consensus to support target achievement. REFERENCES Airbus (2013) [Online]: Orders Deliveries, Available at http://www.airbus.com/company/market/orders-deliveries/, Accessed 12/01/2014. Air Transport Action Group (2014) [Online]: Facts and Figures, Available athttp://www.atag.org/facts-and-figures.html, Accessed 12/01/2014. ATAG (2013) [Online]: 38th ICAO Assembly, Available at http://www.atag.org/our-activities/38th-icao-assembly.html, Accessed 22/03/2014. Barrett, S (2009): Deregulation and the Airline Business in Europe, EU, Routledge. BBC Business (2014) [Online]: Boeing reports record orders and deliveries for 2013, Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25622236, Accessed 22/03/2014. Boeing (2013) [Online]: Media Releases; Boeing launches 777X with record-breaking orders, Available athttp://boeing.mediaroom.com/Boeing-Launches-777X-with-Record-Breaking-Orders-Strengthens-Partnerships-in-the-Middle-East-at-the-2013-Dubai-Airshow, Accessed 12/01/2014. British Airways (2013): Corporate Responsibility Summary, London, British Airways. Brittlebank, W (2012) [Online]: British Airways aims for carbon neutral growth, Available at http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/news/british_airways_aims_for_carbon_neutral_growth/, Accessed 22/03/2014. Cathay Pacific (2013): Sustainability Matters, Hong Kong, Cathay Pacific. EasyJet (2013) [Online]: In the air, Available at https://www.easyjet.com/EN/environment/green_in_the_air.shtml, Accessed 22/03/2014. Emirates (2013): The Emirates Group Environment Report 2012-13, UAE, Emirates Group. IATA (2013) [Online]: IATA Carbon Offset Program, Available at https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/environment/pages/carbon-offset.aspx, Accessed 22/03/2014. IATA (2014) [Online]: Fact Sheet: Carbon Offset, Available at http://www.iata.org/pressroom/facts_figures/fact_sheets/pages/carbon-offsets.aspx, Accessed 22/03/2014. ICAO (2013) [Online]: 38th Assembly Session, Available at http://www.icao.int/Meetings/a38/Pages/documentation-wp-presentations.aspx, Accessed 22/03/2014. International Council of Clean Transportation (2013); U.S. Domestic Airline Fuel Efficiency Ranking 2010, USA, ICCT Publications. Morrow, D (2013) [Online]: Airbus close to setting new order record, Available at http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/airbus-close-to-setting-new-order-record-393827/, Accessed 23/03/2014. PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2013): A sustainable future for aviation; the future of international aviation emissions could be determined in the next 12 months, London, PWC. UNFCCC (2008): The right flight path to reduce aviation emissions, USA, UNFCCC. Virgin Atlantic (2013); Sustainability Report 2013, UK, Virgin Atlantic. Wall, R (2013) [Online]: Emirates orders additional 50 airbus 1380’s to expand fleet, Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-16/emirates-said-in-talks-to-order-50-airbus-a380-superjumbos-1-.html, Accessed 22/03/2014. Airline Management (Analysis of the ‘four pillars’) This should be included into a broader package of measures including new aircraft technology, more efficient operations and better use of infrastructure, (ICAO, 2013) [Online]. The industry determined that a carbon-offsetting policy would be the best method, giving carriers the opportunity to tailor their response to their business development; in effect, ensuring that carriers feel the plan still allows for expansion to meet rising demand, (IATA, 2013) [Online]. The meeting concluded with the following, (ATAG, 2013) [Online]: Agree a roadmap for development of a single global MBM for aviation to be implemented from 2020 that can be adopted at ICAO’s next Assembly in 2016. Agree the principles for development of a global MBM, including: o The goal of carbon-neutral growth from 2020; o That aviation emissions should only be accounted for once; o That a global MBM should take account of different types of operator activity. This report will evaluate the progress made on ONE of the four pillars to reduce emissions from the aviation sector; whilst also paying attention to the barriers that carriers face in achieving these targets. The first section will provide a brief introduction to the four pillars as well as reasoning behind the choice in evaluation. A discussion will then follow answering the requirements of the report, before a conclusion summarises the findings. FOUR PILLARS The four pillars cover the entire scope of feasible methods to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. The pillars are technological process, improved infrastructure, operational measures and economic measures. Table 1 below provides a summary: This report has chosen to focus on the development of operational measures; the decision was driven by an interest in the development of fuel efficiency, business optimisation and carrier integration in a bid to reduce emissions from an industry that has always been labelled a major global polluter. With demand for air travel booming on the back of global urbanisation and emerging economies, more attention is being paid to carbon emissions from air travel. According to data from the Air Transport Action Group [ATAG] (2014), global emissions from air travel total 689mt, against a total of 34Billion tonnes of CO2 produced annually from human activity. With these figures, CO2 emissions from air-travel total 2% of annual emissions; in terms of transport, aviation is responsible for 12% of total emissions, compared with 74% from road transport. OPERATIONAL MEASURES As mentioned above, there are a number of factors, which with improvement can lead to a reduction in emissions. This section will concentrate on fuel efficiency, which will touch upon optimal aircraft use, new aircraft design and route optimisation. Also mentioned with be business optimisation, paying attention to carrier ‘load factor’, optimisation on ground-operations and also integration between carriers, which has included MA activity and also the introduction of alliances in the industry. The discussion will touch upon carrier cost reduction, which has become a major supporter of reduction on CO2 emissions given its link to fuel usage and so exposure to high oil prices. FUEL EFFICIENCY In terms of achievements so far, the issue of fuel efficiency has supported in recent years by the economic downturn and high oil prices. Carriers have look to reduce their fuel bills to stay profitable, focusing on a number of methods which also support fuel efficiency. To start, carriers have invested heavily in new aircraft after developments from both Boeing and Airbus support greater fuel efficiency. Airbus experienced its biggest year in 2011, receiving net orders for 1,419 new aircraft, buoyed by the launch of its A320neo, (Morrow, 2013) [Online], with similar success from Boeing, (BBC Business, 2014) [Online]. USA EXAMPLE Figure 1 shows that out of U.S. carriers Alaska Airlines came out as the most fuel efficient airline; what is most surprising is that the company has increased its business and routes by 33% 2000-2010, however has reported no increase in fuel use/emissions as investing in new planes has improved fuel efficiency greatly. The report also found that the fuel-efficiency gap between the best/worst airlines was 26%, (ICCT, 2013); the report also found that about one-third of the variation in efficiency likely comes from the deployment of different technology; for example Allegiant operates a fleet of McDonnell Douglas aircraft that date back to the 1970’s, while Alaska Airlines uses new Boeing planes that have technologies like ‘winglets’ to reduce fuel burn. These finding bode well for Boeing and Airbus as they continue to offer newer models. Recent additions such as Boeings 777X, a more fuel efficient version of the 777 Jumbo and Airbus’s A320 family have been well received; according to Boeing (2013) [Online], customers for the 777X include Gulf carriers along with Cathay Pacific and Lufthansa, with record breaking orders of 259, while Airbus (2013) [Online] confirmed its backlog of orders for the A320’s at over 10,000. These new planes will reduce both emissions and n oise pollution, allowing for negative externalities to be controlled as expansion continues. BUSINESS OPTIMIZATION Carriers have adopted a number of methods to optimise their operations. One factor has been the adoption of alliances between carriers, allowing for them to effectively ‘share’ their capacity. This has reduced the need for such aggressive expansion by some, which would have created too much competition on some routes. Furthermore, airlines have invested in newer aircraft to meet the needs of routes, such as smaller aircraft for new, short-haul routes and larger aircraft, such as the Airbus A380 for busier, long-haul routes. Emirates currently have orders for 90 A380’s as the carrier looks to expand capacity on a number of routes, (Wall, 2013) [Online]. FUTURE PROJECTS FOCUS (VIRGIN ATLANTIC) As more attention is paid by governments and consumers onto CO2 emissions and other negative externalities, company’s such as Virgin Atlantic (2013) have put more into reporting their impact on the environment from sustainability reports; in some continues such as the UK, reporting into emissions and environmental impact are becoming mandatory for listed companies, (UK Government, 2013), which will only increase the amount of information that the aviation sector will make public, (Sustainable Aviation, 2014) [Online]. According to Virgin Atlantic (2013), through its Sustainability Report 2013, the company focuses on a number of programs to improve sustainability. These include: Reducing CO2 emissions by 30% between 2007 and 2020. Improving the fleet of aircraft – currently Virgin Atlantic are taking delivery of 10 Airbus 330-300, which will replace the older Airbus 340-600 and be 30% more fuel efficient. Implementing technology to monitor aircraft fuel-use and routes to identify further carbon savings. PESTEL ANALYSIS This section will touch upon PESTEL analysis to look into the future possibilities to meet operational measure targets. In terms of driving-forces, a number of carriers will look to improve operational performance in a bid to lower costs and remain profitable as low-cost carrier reduce market prices and higher oil prices affect carrier margins. However, it has been noted that each carrier will take a differing approach, designed to also meet the requirements of current expansion plans. For example, take British Airways (BA); currently the carrier is involved in its ‘One Destination’ initiative, with a number of schemes underway to make the carrier carbon neutral from 2020, (Brittlebank, 2012) [Online]. According to British Airways (2013) the international community’s aim is to cut net CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050 (relative to 2005 levels). Figure 2 below provides a graphic to the proposal, identifying some of the key factors which will support the reduction. As mentioned prior, one of main drivers will be the continued improvement and market adoption of new aircraft. For example, British Airways (2013) estimates that the new Airbus A380 will have a 16% improvement in fuel efficiency compared to the aircraft it will replace, mainly down to the capacity of the aircraft, which can be used on longer routes, such as Hong Kong and Los Angeles. Improvements such as these will continue to drive down CO2 emissions per passenger kilometres, a metric widely used in the airline industry to measure efficiency. In 2012, BA aircraft emitted 101.9g/CO2 per passenger kilometre, while Emirates emitted 100.6 (Emirates, 2013), Lufthansa 109.3 and EasyJet 95.6 (EasyJet, 2013) [Online]. One factor that each airline has in common is major deliveries of new aircraft. While new aircraft will continue to benefit both the environment and also the airline in terms of lower fuel bills, headwinds will appear in the long-term. While the current spate of aircraft order s has been supported by growth opportunities and profitability in the industry, long-term risks to demand could dampen the need and justification to purchase new aircraft. Furthermore, it has also been noticed that the recent rise in airline purchases has been fuelled by expansion projects from carriers in the Middle East and Asia, while European airlines seen less reluctant to purchase than previously as profitability has waned. Given this, the risk is that in the long-term, order may decline, which would impact on carriers ability to further reduce emissions. For example, British Airways (2013) are targeting efficiency of 83g/CO2 per passenger kilometre by 2025, which will require the support of capital expenditure. Given the current reduction in the carriers profitability over the year, continued weakness may make current expenditure plans un-obtainable. Figure 2 also highlights the potential for low-carbon fuels to support the four pillars. Both BA and Cathay Pacific (2013) among other have highlighted development into biofuels as a future growth area. The process involves inputting commercial/ residential organic waste into a boiler, where extremely high pressure plasma breaks down the waste into gases. These gases are then cooled and cleaned, before the Fischer-Tropsch process re-forms the gas into low-carbon jet fuel, (British Airways, 2013). BA is currently involved in a UK-based project with Solena Fuels Corporation to construct a waste-to-fuel plant, which at its peak will convert 500,000 tonnes of water into 50,000 tonnes of jet fuel each year, (British Airways, 2013). Cathay Pacific (2013) also remained optimistic on biofuels, implementing a number of projects itself. While development will be buoyed by social/ political acceptance of biofuels in the future and the green-credentials it provides, there are also factors, such as the costs involved and its competitiveness with current kerosene supplies. Another driver to mention will be the potential for demand. Figure 2 highlights that in the long-term, BA see a reduction in demand as one support for lower emissions; however this may not be the same for carriers such as Emirates, or others in Asia, Africa. Emirates recently reported a 4.5% in aircraft movements given new routes and higher demand, (Emirates, 2013). Given this, the need for a streamline of global initiatives is needed as emerging airlines increase slights to meet increased demand. Another driver identified is the purchase of emission reductions, or ‘carbon offsets’, with the money invested into initiatives to reduce emissions in other areas, which could be seen to offset the emissions from carrier operations. For example, Cathay Pacific (2013) has used money raised to invest in hydropower/ wind power projects in China. These programmes are now run by over 35 airlines, however require voluntary donations from passengers, IATA (2014) [Online]. The main risk is that the projects rely on the social responsibility of customers; an over reliance on these programmes to reduce emissions could back-fire if customers do not share the view; PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2013) suggests that carriers may need to purchase an extra ˆ1.1Billion of carbon offsets annually by 2030 to reach targets. PriceWaterhouseCoopers, hereafter PWC, (2013) backs up the above in its latest report. After mentioning the halving on aviation emissions by 2050, PWC shows its scepticism, saying that reaching the target will not be easy and would require improvements in carbon intensity of 5.1% every year. Ultimately, advances in fuel efficiency would need to be accelerated along with adoption of biofuels. To add, the report mentioned that a global consensus on sustainable aviation was needed before acceleration in improvements can be seen. The fear is that any improvement from airlines operating in advanced economies could be offset on a global scale by less-efficient emerging airlines from China and India etc., who may not have the financial means to invest heavily in the newest aircraft. GROUND OPERATIONS As mentioned in the Four Pillars, efficiency in ground operations will also support a reduction in emissions. Easyjet (2013) [Online] mentioned that they avoid ‘congested hubs’, such as Heathrow and Frankfurt, to help reduce taxiing and holding patterns, which will use less fuel and so emit less carbon. Furthermore, low-cost airlines have also been known for quick turnaround, allowing for greater efficiency from their current fleet, (Barrett, 2009). SUMMARY The report chose to focus on operational management as a tool to reduce emissions, focusing on fuel efficiency, new aircraft, and route optimisation. The report found that fuel efficiency, driven by new aircraft models has become a high priority; while the decision will have been impacted by a move to reduce emissions, there is also the thought that the trend of high-oil prices, coupled with lower earnings over the economic crisis would have pushed a number of carriers to seek cost-reductions and efficiency drives. Given this, past improvements in efficiency have been strong; however, strong growth in demand from emerging economies has led to a marketable rise in flights, pushing overall emissions higher. For example, Emirates, seen as one of the fastest growing carriers could be used as a barometer. While the carrier has reported improvements in fuel efficiency, due to new aircraft and routes, the carrier reported a 15.9% increase in overall CO2 emissions to 22.4Million tonnes, (Emirates, 2013). Looking ahead into the future, the report has highlighted a number of factors for improvement; being higher adoption of new aircraft, increased adoption of biofuels and purchase of emission reductions. Carriers will continue to place attention on new aircraft/ biofuels as focus remain firmly on cost-reductions; however, the level of long-term success will depend upon profitability, which will impact directly on future capital expenditure plans. To add, not all carriers may share the same plans as emerging carriers may focus on growth and profitability over the environment. To combat this, PWC (2013) identified that a global consensus is needed; currently regulation in the USA/ Europe is much higher than seen in Asia/ Middle East/ Africa, creating unfavourable discrepancy to airlines, such as BA. Carbon offsetting was also identified as a major growth initiative, however as mentioned this currently relies on customer donations; as so both social and political attention on the effects of emissions need to be heightened to encourage offsetting by the public. Operational measures provide great opportunities to further reduce emissions; however, carriers need to ensure they have the funds available for capital expenditure, and the public support/ donations to move ahead with carbon offsetting plans. Finally, it is important to mention that while fuel efficiency will continue to improve, strong increases in demand may lead to overall emissions increases as flight numbers/routes are increased by emerging airlines. This has been seen with data from Emirates; under these circumstances carriers would need to accelerate all initiatives in a bid to meet targets that would seem ambitious. All four pillars will need a global consensus to support target achievement. REFERENCES Airbus (2013) [Online]: Orders Deliveries, Available at http://www.airbus.com/company/market/orders-deliveries/, Accessed 12/01/2014. Air Transport Action Group (2014) [Online]: Facts and Figures, Available athttp://www.atag.org/facts-and-figures.html, Accessed 12/01/2014. ATAG (2013) [Online]: 38th ICAO Assembly, Available at http://www.atag.org/our-activities/38th-icao-assembly.html, Accessed 22/03/2014. Barrett, S (2009): Deregulation and the Airline Business in Europe, EU, Routledge. BBC Business (2014) [Online]: Boeing reports record orders and deliveries for 2013, Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25622236, Accessed 22/03/2014. Boeing (2013) [Online]: Media Releases; Boeing launches 777X with record-breaking orders, Available athttp://boeing.mediaroom.com/Boeing-Launches-777X-with-Record-Breaking-Orders-Strengthens-Partnerships-in-the-Middle-East-at-the-2013-Dubai-Airshow, Accessed 12/01/2014. British Airways (2013): Corporate Responsibility Summary, London, British Airways. Brittlebank, W (2012) [Online]: British Airways aims for carbon neutral growth, Available at http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/news/british_airways_aims_for_carbon_neutral_growth/, Accessed 22/03/2014. Cathay Pacific (2013): Sustainability Matters, Hong Kong, Cathay Pacific. EasyJet (2013) [Online]: In the air, Available at https://www.easyjet.com/EN/environment/green_in_the_air.shtml, Accessed 22/03/2014. Emirates (2013): The Emirates Group Environment Report 2012-13, UAE, Emirates Group. IATA (2013) [Online]: IATA Carbon Offset Program, Available at https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/environment/pages/carbon-offset.aspx, Accessed 22/03/2014. IATA (2014) [Online]: Fact Sheet: Carbon Offset, Available at http://www.iata.org/pressroom/facts_figures/fact_sheets/pages/carbon-offsets.aspx, Accessed 22/03/2014. ICAO (2013) [Online]: 38th Assembly Session, Available at http://www.icao.int/Meetings/a38/Pages/documentation-wp-presentations.aspx, Accessed 22/03/2014. International Council of Clean Transportation (2013); U.S. Domestic Airline Fuel Efficiency Ranking 2010, USA, ICCT Publications. Morrow, D (2013) [Online]: Airbus close to setting new order record, Available at http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/airbus-close-to-setting-new-order-record-393827/, Accessed 23/03/2014. PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2013): A sustainable future for aviation; the future of international aviation emissions could be determined in the next 12 months, London, PWC. UNFCCC (2008): The right flight path to reduce aviation emissions, USA, UNFCCC. Virgin Atlantic (2013); Sustainability Report 2013, UK, Virgin Atlantic. Wall, R (2013) [Online]: Emirates orders additional 50 airbus 1380’s to expand fleet, Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-16/emirates-said-in-talks-to-order-50-airbus-a380-superjumbos-1-.html, Accessed 22/03/2014.

Discuss the effects of Internet Radio on the radio landscape Essay

Discuss the effects of Internet Radio on the radio landscape - Essay Example roles that technology has played is in influencing the conventional radio system, which is now with advancements and progression in Information Technology, is encompassing into the form of internet radio. Living in the world of blooming science and technology, our lives are gradually changing along with its research and innovations (Lee, pp. 20-23, 2005). It revolves around us in every activity, whereby we have been left dependent upon its functioning as mere parts of a machine, unified under a mechanical function. Not only has it revolutionized our personal lives, but also the way in which a society communicates with each other has changed. Our present way of life would have been a dreamland for man just a century ago, and what we possess today is still not at its climax, what follows ahead is a mystery under guidance of technological advancement (Lee, pp. 20-23, 2005). The conventional system of broadcasting information, news, and entertainment is under massive change by the gauntlet of technology, whereby the entire network today stands at perils because of the rapidly growing fantasy of internet radio (Zittrain, pp. 56-58, 2008). The dissemination information by its means has developed a new system, which allows the network’s programs to be broadcasted everywhere to common people. The new internet radio is seen wearing the new trend to fit easily to the tastes of the modern generation, massively loaded with new news and information to cater all age groups and its ease in accessibility and profound efficiency all have added great value to popularity. From all forms of electronic media, radio is a common person’s device, which provides apt news and information and a negligible cost, is mobile and can be accessed from almost anywhere around the country. It is easy to travel with, acting as a live companion at all times, and can even be connected with other electric devices as an â€Å"add on† keeping one updated with national and international happenings

English sparkling wine - branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English sparkling wine - branding - Essay Example This is a product whose value is augmented by the long periods of standing and fermentation. At the same time, the price is apt enough to stand along the Champagnes using the price advantage. This is creating a brand value for the product. These wines are thus, more affordable and the increased rate of consumption is thus, justified. This growth is also reflected in the returns, which have seen more than 50 percent hike in the last 5 years (Skelton, 2008). The products from English Sparkling wine have won appreciation and awards from many Wine luminaries. These have been on the wine reward and recognition radar from even the ‘90s. The brands received awards such as International Wine and Spirits Awards, Decanter World Wine Awards, Del Mondo World Sparkling Wine Championships and so on (Skelton, 2009). The rewards have thus acknowledged the brand and dealt with the promotion aspect. The health implications of alcoholic drinks such as Champagne, are making the customers switch to safer options. This has also contributed to the promotion of the English Sparkling Wine. This has also influenced the wine choices of the 25-34 year age groups, who form the largest segment of wine patrons (Bainbridge, 2012). The English Sparkling Wine brewers are trying to create a label for themselves (‘Britagne’ is one such suggestion), so that they can be differentiated from the other popular sparkling wine brands. Export promotion is also on their anvil to ensure the viability of the brand (Brown,

motivation :: essays research papers

I once had an interesting conversation with the owner/manager of a clothing manufacturing company. He operated a large and successful business, principally supplying uniforms for the corporate market. He was surprised by some of his workers. They worked on a piece work rate (paid per item) and some of the very efficient staff did not produce as much as they were capable of. They worked hard at the start of the pay period, but then they tapered off. He expected them to work hard the whole time, as they were paid by what they produced - the harder they worked, the more they were paid. He expected that the extra money reward would motivate them. Motivation is a complex concept. Remuneration is also complex. Individuals react in different ways to pay schemes. A simple explanation for the clothing worker behaviour is that they did not work just for the money. They enjoyed the working environment and the social interaction it provided. They liked to have work, to be employed, and yes they needed a certain level of income. But once they achieved that, the pressure to work hard was reduced. Given that the actual work task was quite monotonous and repetitious, it was not surprising that they exhibited this behaviour. Drastic work design was required. People think that money is a motivator. It does have an effect, but motivation involves far more. Sales people are the classic example. Most are on performance based schemes. But what is one of the main themes sales and marketing consultants write about? You guessed it - how to motivate your sales team! Consultants would not need to write motivation articles if financial reward alone worked. Equity in compensation practices Positive effects come from good financial and non-financial rewards. It is very important to have a well managed remuneration system in place. Fair and reasonable reward is essential and very important for good morale. I believe strongly in the equity theory of motivation. Simply put, the theory states that people have to believe that their pay is equitable with others. When they compare their salary and benefits with their colleagues and co-workers, they must believe that they are being fairly compensated. If they believe their compensation is not equitable, they become very de-motivated and their work performance suffers. Financial and nonfinancial rewards I subscribe to the theory that states it is the nature of the work that is important.

Stigma in retirement

Introduction:Company retirement is no longer stigma in today ‘s universe. More and more people are go oning to work after retirement age for a assortment of grounds. No uncertainty for a big figure the chief ground for working after retirement age will be fiscal, but for others accomplishing a balance between work and place life is an of import issue. Some people do really see the chance of halting work wholly as a chilling option and many will ease their manner into retirement by go oning to work but with more flexible or parttime hours. There are around 6 1000000s people between the age of 50 and retirement age still actively employed.Theory:Mortgages No Longer a Stigma in RetirementReflecting a monolithic alteration from the anterior coevals when a major end of retirement was to â€Å"burn the mortgage, † more than 55 per centum of boomers surveyed who presently hold mortgages do non be after to pay their mortgages off until their 70s, if of all time. This tendency wa s most marked in the Western US, where 31 per centum of those with mortgages do non of all time intend to pay them off, compared with 25 per centum in the South, 18 per centum in the Midwest and 11 per centum in the Northeast. Of the 500 boomers surveyed about two-thirds presently have mortgages on their abodes. The staying 3rd either rent or do non hold a mortgage. â€Å"Contrary to conventional wisdom, mortgages can really be a wealth-building tool for boomers throughout their retirement years†.In add-on to their revenue enhancement benefits, mortgages help liberate up financess that otherwise would be tied up in belongings ownership for investing in equities. 1 ) The normal retiring age for lasting employees is 60 ( 60 ) old ages. The retirement age of 60 ( 60 ) for ATS staff must be enforced, as agreed by Finance and General Purposes Committee, Mona, at its meeting held on September 27,1999. 2 ) An employee may be retired before the age of 60 ( 60 ) if he/she is found to be enduring from a chronic medical status, or is for good handicapped and, as a consequence, is unable to to the full or decently dispatch the undertakings, responsibilities and duties of his/her occupation, or comply with the footings and conditions of his/her employment. The effectual day of the month of retirement is the staff member ‘s sixtieth birthday. Therefore, the last on the job twenty-four hours would be the twenty-four hours on which he/she attains the age of 60.PensionMembers of staff who were employed and lending to the pension strategy prior to August 1, 2002, can bespeak a ball sum payment of their employee and employer ‘s part or purchase a pension with the returns from his or her Old-age pension. Members who joined the strategy on or after August 1, 2002 may merely buy a pension with the returns from their old-age pension.HealthThe University covers the full cost of wellness insurance for retired persons who are in reception of a pension from the University. Impermanent employment beyond retiring age may be granted up to the age of 65 ( 65 ) . In really exceeding instances, the University may see impermanent employment beyond the age of 65 ( 65 ) , but non beyond 70 ( 70 ) old ages. Retirees may merely be retained where the station has been advertised and a suited replacing is non found. If a suited replacing is non found and the retired staff member is to be re-engaged, there must be a interruption in service for a lower limit of two ( 2 ) hebdomads. The retired person will be issued a particular Contract for services by the Human Resource Management Division with footings negotiated between the retired staff member and the University. These footings will include an across-the-board amount, which will non needfully be the same as those for a regular staff member. Under this contract, the retired person will be engaged to supply specific services to the University under specific footings of mention. This contract should be of a fixed period non transcending one ( 1 ) twelvemonth and will include an terminal of contract tip of 10 % of the contract amount.The granting of such petition for re-employment is at the discretion of the University.The Finance and General Purposes Committee, Mona, established the following standards to be applied purely beyond 65 ( 65 ) old ag es, but laxly between 60-65 old ages.The employee must hold rendered outstanding service in a peculiar field and should hold demonstrated a proper work attitude. This should be clearly stated in a particular rating of the employee by the Head of Department and should be supported by a summarised research into the employee ‘s record by the Human Resource Management Division.The employee must be in a province of physical/mental fittingness, grounds of which should be corroborated by the employee ‘s medical history as recorded in his/her file.The Head of Department must be able to bespeak that the work of the Department would be adversely affected if the cognition, accomplishments and experience of the employee were non retained.Re-engagement of a retired person is capable to a satisfactory medical report..1. Normal IncreasesIf an employee is granted extension of assignment on a annual footing the Head of Department should do a recommendation for the granting of any one-yea r increase.2. Long Service AwardAn employee ‘s impermanent service beyond retirement will be regarded for the intents of finding eligibility for Long Service Award.3. Educational FacilitiesA retired person who is appointed on a impermanent contract beyond the retiring age, along with his/her wife/ hubby and/or kids, who has been accepted for entry to the University are exempt from paying tuition and scrutiny fees.4. Commissariats in the event of DeathThe University will pay to the widow or widowman, or if there are orphan dependent kids, to a legal guardian for their benefit, a particular grant of an sum equivalent to one twelvemonth ‘s wage at the rate at which a deceased employee on impermanent contract beyond retiring age was paid as at 1st August predating decease.PensionAt retirement, members of staff are paid the accrued value of their Federation Superannuation Scheme for Universities ( FSSU ) financess. If the member of staff is tenured and has served for more tha n 10 ( 10 ) old ages continuously with the University, an appraisal is done and, if necessary, a auxiliary pension is provided.HousingRetired members of staff who were housed in University lodging instantly prior to the effectual day of the month of their retirement, are allowed to stay in University adjustment for up to three months after retirement, nevertheless, they would be required to pay a monthly lease at the appropriate commercial rate.Book GrantStaff members traveling on retirement may utilize, within one ( 1 ) twelvemonth of their retirement, the balance of the Grant credited to their history at the day of the month of retirement.HealthThe University covers the full cost of wellness insurance for retired persons who are in reception of a pension from the University. Personal Rewards Outrank Economic Rewards as Reason to Work More than three quarters ( 76 % ) of boomers surveyed who are still working program to go on working after age 62, the age when they are eligible to have Social Security. A singular 40 per centum program to go on working into their 70s. For those who will go on working past age 62, the major ground cited ( 72 % ) to go on working was for the â€Å"intellectual and societal stimulation† work provides, followed by the end of keeping criterion of life at 51 per centum and to avoid tapping into nest eggs at 41 per centum. The form was the same for those be aftering to work into their 70s, with three quarters be aftering to maintain working for rational and societal stimulation and 39 per centum to keep their criterion of life. Economicss are non the primary ground these flush boomers are go oning to work. They are making the highest degree in their callings, doing more money, learning and developing the newer members of our workforce—work provides satisfactions good beyond their demand for income. Of those taking the study, 29 per centum describe themselves as being retired in the conventional sense, while 71 per centum are still employed. But in Britain retirement is non a stigma.They can non be denied from the occupation on the footing of age.Your Right to WorkRegulations in Britain mean that an employer can non know apart against workers on the evidences of age. These ordinances were brought into consequence in 2006 in order that older people have the same rights to employment, preparation and grownup instruction. It is improper for an employer to utilize age as a ground for favoritism on the undermentioned points: –Deny person preparationPrevent publicityDismiss person from their employmentDeny employment to personRetire person before the province employment age or the company ‘s ain retirement age without a valid groundHowever, an employer still has the right to decline person over the age of 65 or over said employer ‘s usual company retirement age, and they do non necessitate to give any grounds or justifications.Working and Your State PensionIf you are go oning to work after retirement age so you can either claim your pension or postpone it. If you choose to take your pension subsequently so you may be able to acquire a higher rate of pension subsequently on, or you may be able to take the deferred sum as a ball amount. The ball amount will be nonexempt but will hold added involvement and so you can get down having your normal pension. If you are sing either of these options so you will necessitate to detain claiming your pension for at least five hebdomads in order to have the higher rate. For the ball amount you will necessitate to detain for at least 12 back-to-back months.Finding WorkThere are eternal possibilities for older workers when it comes to happening employment. Many older employees wrongly assume that they will be passed over in favor of younger employees but this is non ever the instance. Some employers look favorably on older workers due to their dependability, accomplishments, and the fact that they take less ill clip than younger employees. There are authorities strategies specifically designed to assist older people find employment such as New Deal 50 Plus and New Deal for Disabled People. These strategies are designed to assist older people who are happening it hard to obtain employment or happening employment that pays a nice pay. Job-sharing is besides an first-class manner of working part-time or working to more flexible hours ; you can ever inquire your employer if they would see flexible hours. Asked about their figure one calling end over the following five old ages, most boomers ( 53 % ) will go on making their current work until they retire, while a one-fourth of boomers are seeking continued growing in their current callings. Merely 10 per centum citation â€Å"to halt working† as a end.Voluntary WorkVoluntary work is an first-class option if you are sing go oning to work after retirement age. Although normally unpaid, you can derive valuable new accomplishments, and some voluntary occupations will pay revenue enhancement free disbursals or reimburse your disbursals. Volunteer occupations can include working for the Citizens Advice Bureau ( CAB ) , working in tourer information offices and charity stores, voluntary drivers, or you can even go a local council member. Continuing to work after retirement is a popular and good pick for many older workers. The retirement age is merely a guideline when it comes to work there is no ground why you can non work long past retirement age if you are healthy and able to.Private Investment Accounts Fund RetirementsAsked what the chief beginning of support for retirement is, the largest figure of boomers ( 31 % ) cited investings outside of a retirement program as the â€Å"principal† beginning that will fund their retirement. â€Å"This happening supports the importance of keeping a robust personal investing program throughout a life-time, † says Jim Bell. â€Å"To have a comfy retirement, this coevals must augment traditional tax-deferred retirement nest eggs programs and pensions, with their ain investing program — ideally by using a healthy mix of equity investments.† Baby boomers ranked the â€Å"principal† beginning of retirement support as:Investings outside of a retirement program: 31 %Pension program: 23 %Company-sponsored programs such as 401 ( K ) : 19 %Individual Retirement Account ( IRA ) : 17 %Social Security: 4 %Survey MethodologyThe Affluent Boomer Survey was conducted by Opinion Research Corporation from April 1-6, 2008, among a random sample of 500 grownups comprised of 250 work forces and 250 adult females who were born in 1948 and have investible assets of $ 1 million or more. Bell Investment Advisors offers investing direction, comprehensive fiscal planning, and career/life planning services to assist investors be after and accomplish their personal and retirement ends. The house manages more than $ 500 million for its more than 650 clients. In 2007, Bell Investment Advisors was named one of the Bay Area ‘s 100 Fastest Turning Privately Held Businesss by the San Francisco Business Times for the 4th twelvemonth in a row.